Glycolysis Steps

Glycolysis

Glycolysis Steps:

Summary

• Sugar is transported to the cell
• Sugar is modified and trapped in the cell (modification requires energy)
• Sugar is rearranged
• Sugar is remodifed after rearrangement (modification requires energy)
• Sugar is cut into equal but different looking halves
  • One of the different halves is changed to look like the over half
• Sugars are release energy and modified at the same time into an 2X Energy rich molecule
• 2X Energy rich molecule release energy (create ATP) leaving 1X Energy left to release
• 1X Energy rich molecule is rearranged
• 1X Energy rich molecule is rearranged to destabilize
• 1X Energy rich molecule release energy (create ATP) and becomes pyruvate

Detailed Steps
Stage 1

• GLC into (G-6P) - Hexokinase
  • Glucose into Glucose 6-phosphate
• (G-6P) into (F-6P) - Phosphoglucose Isomerase
  • Glucose 6-phosphate into Fructose 6-phosphate
    • Galactose entry point
    • Pentose Phosphate Pathway entry point
• (F-6P) into (F-1,6BP) - Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
  • Fructose 6-phosphate into Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
    • Adipose - Fructose entry point
    • Mannose entry point
    • Pentose Phosphate Pathway entry point
• (F-1,6BP) into (GAP) + (DHAP) - Aldolase A
  • Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into Dihydroxyacetone phosphate & Glyceraldehyde 3-phosohpate

Stage 2

• (DHAP) into (GAP) - Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI or TIM)
  • Dihydroxyacetone phosphate into Glyceraldehyde 3-phosohpate
    • Liver - Fructose-->DHAP entry point
• GAPs are ready to move to the next step
  • Pentose Phosphate Pathway entry point

Stage 3

• (GAP) into (1,3BPG) - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphoosphoglycerate
    • Liver - Fructose-->GAP entry point
• (1,3BPG) into (3PG) - Phosphoglycerate Kinase
  • 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate
• (3PG) into (2PG) - Phosphoglycerate Mutase
  • 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate
• (2PG) into (PEP) - Enolase
  • 2-phosphoglycerate into Phosphoenolpyruvate
• (PEP) into Pyruvate - Pyruvate Kinase
  • Phospohenylpyruvate into Pyruvate

Difference Between Gluconeogenesis

• Pyruvate carboxylase (bypass) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
• Phosphofructokinase (bypass) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
• Hexokinase (bypass) Glucose 6-phosphatase