Mitochondria

Organelles

Generates ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Function/Purpose:

Synthesis

• Heme Synthesis

Cell Metabolism

• Gluconeogenesis, Fatty Acid Oxidation, Amino Acid Metabolism, Electron Transport Chain, TCA Cycle, Pyruvate Decarboxylation

Fundamentals:

• Passage "appears" to be facilitated by voltage-dependent anion channel
  • Transport DNA
  • Most abundant protein in outer wall

Ex Data:

• 1500 nm
• Contain own DNA
  • 16,569 base pairs
  • Encodes 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs
  • 7 subunits of the NADH-Q reductase

Anatomy/Structure:

• Outer membrane - freely permeable to small molecules
  • Allows Sucrose, salts, Adenine Nucleotides, Coenzyme A and tRNA
  • NOT Insulin, Polyglucose, Cythocrhome C, Albumin
    • Structure of OM
      • Beta sheets
      • Beta barrels
        • Tom40 - central pore forming component of translocase
        • Mdm10p - DICTATES MITOCHONDRIAL STRUCTURE
• Intermembrane space - acidic
  • holds a proton gradient prodcuced by Electron Transport Chain
• Inner membrane
  • Houses the Electron Transport Chain/Respiratory Chain
    • NADH-Q reductase/Complex 1/Site 1
    • Succinate-Q reductase/Complex 2
    • Cytochrome reductase/Complex 3/Site 2
    • Cytochrome oxidase/Complex 4/Site 3
  • Alpha helices
• Mitochondrial Transporters
• Mitochondrial matrix
  • Fatty Acid Oxidation
  • Amino Acid Metabolism
  • TCA Cycle
  • Pyruvate Decarboxylation
    • Gluconeogenesis
      • initial steps are in the mitochondrial matrix but then malate is shuttled outside into the cytosol

Concepts:

• Inside BOTH plants and animals - who knew?
• NADH Shuttle systems: ATP
  • Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle - 1:2
  • Malate Aspartate Shuttle - 1:3

Terminology:

Applications:

• 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP/Brady's Reagent) can influence the mitochondrial membranes
  • Adequate strong Acid for the mitochondria disruption
    • Proton transfer can disrupt the oxidative generation of ATP

Additional Information: