Uncontrolled cell growth

Cancer

Fundamentals:

Cancer: disease state that arises due to the violations of rules of cells
Extreme complex signaling pathways
A large group of heterogenous diseases
Characterized by cells that do not respond to environmental signals for division and death
Why they do what they do: cancer is a survivor that does whatever it takes to perpetuate its existence and generate progeny
Cancers are not all lethal
In general tumors canot grow beyond a few mL in volume
In general the body is capable of destroying cancer cells
Angiogenesis: development of blood supply
Metastasis: migration through the body
    Outgrow neighboring cells and destroy tissues
Cancer genetics
    All cancers are the result of DNA mutations
    Lost their normal regulation of division and death
Necrosis
    Uncontroled process occurs when cells are injured swell and burst
Apoptosis
    Programmed cell death, highy regulated, DNA is degraded, cell is dismantled, macrophage eats cell
Normal cell responds to its internal and external environment
    What is a cancer cell  going to do
Cancer cell stops responding to external cues
    And increases its own internal cues to survive and proliferate
    Death cues and growth inhibition are ignored
Stages of Cancer
    DNA mutation
    Metastasis
Main Classes of Cancer
    Benign: tunor that does not spread into other tissues
    Malignant: tumor that spread into other tissues, invasive = primary tumor
    Metastatic: movement of cancer cells from the primary tumor also the same as the tumor that forms form this process

Cancer is a genetic disease
Result of mutations from environmental factors
Result of your inherited genes
    Cancer predisposition
    Response to environmental factors
Angiogenesis: creation of blood vessels
Diffusion limits the ability of O2 and nutrients to reach the center of the tumor mass
Tumors only grow a few mL in volume
Cancer genes may normally partipate:
    Cell Cycle Reguation
    Mitosis
    Apoptosis
    DNA repair
    Telomerase activity
    DNA methylation patterns
    Vascularization
Every system that promotes survival propagation death and vascularization
Most ells have multiple chromosomal abnormalities
Common chemotherapy drugs
    DNA replication INH
        Doxirubicin – topoisomerase INH
        Cyclophosphamide – cross links DNA so it cant unwind
    DNA synthesis INH
        5-flourouricil INH dNTP synthesis
        Methotrexate INH dNTP synthesis
    Mitosis INH
        Taxol and Vincristine interfere w/ mitotic spindle fiber formation
    Proteasome INH
        Velacade
Summary
    Cancer cells are survivors
    Cancer celsl arise from genetic mutations and typically require more than one to become cancers
    Limited growth
    Rapidly acquire mutations to protect their own survival and proliferation
    Advance through several stages on the road to malignancy

8HQ – block proteosome – apop
Threonine –and Cu
EDTA – and copper removal
Copper rest of life and zinc
Leukemiaand micro vessels
Apop depends to the cell type- some do not use Mapk and jnk
====Cancer Reactions:====
*Mustard Agents
*Cis Platin
*Covalent Alkylation
====Building Concepts:====
====Links:====
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer Wikipedia]