Nervous System
The Organ,
The Organ System
Nervous System
Fundamentals:
- Composed of Neurons and Neuroglia
- Function is dependent on stimuli, integration, effects on muscles/glands
Organization:
Function:
- General homeostasis, sensory, integrative, motor
- 1)Orientation of body to environments through integrating body activities
- micro - transmit electrical signals (action potentials)
- macro - control systems of how other cells function (w/ help of Endocrine System)
- 2)Assimilation of experience requisite to memory, learning, and intelligence
- Ability to store experiences/memories
- Learning - establish patterns of response on the basis of prior experiences
- 3)Programming of instinctual behavior
- 4)Coordination and control of body activities
Characteristics:
- Neurotransmitter - diffuses quickly across the minute gap
- Temporary (Fast) and spatially defined
- Fast - Travels rapidly, begins and end abruptly
- Addressed - Provide highly discrete lines of communication
Anatomy
Components:
General Components of System
- Stimulus
- Receptor & Neurons
- Ganglia
- Target Organ
Organs:
- Brain
- Cranial Nerves
- Spinal Cord
- Spinal Nerves
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal
- Plexuses
- Cervical
- Brachial
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- "Some" Peripheral Nerves
- Ulnar
- Medial
- Radial
- Femoral
- Sciatic
Concepts:
- Germ Cells
- Fertilization
- Location of gray and white matter in brain as opposed to spinal cord
- Spinal Cord - Nerve cell bodies and dendrites centralized
- Brain - Myelinated axons centralized
Building Concepts:
Terminology:
- Central Nervous System/CNS
- Peripheral Nervous System/PNS
- Autonomic Nervous System/ANS
- Meninges
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Neuron
- Motor/afferent neuron
- Sensory/efferent neuron
- Nerve
- Nerve plexus
- Somatic motor nerve
- Autonomic motor nerve
- Ganglion
- Nucleus
- Tract
- Action Potential
- Neurotransmitter
- Nerves: many bundles of axons
- Afferent (sensory) neuron: neuron carries INTO the spinal cord and brain
- Efferent (motor) neuron: neuron carries AWAY from the spinal cord and brain
- Cerebral Cortex : outer tissue layer comprised of these lobes
- Gyri: folds
- Sulcus/Fissures: depression
- Epithalamus: posterior portion that roofs the third ventricle
- Choroid Plexus: produces cerebrospinal fluid
- Pineal gland: neuroendocrine function
- Posterior commissure: connected the right and left superior colliculi of the midbrain
Disorders:
- Mental Illness
- Epilepsy
- Psychomotor Epilepsy
- Grand Mal
- Cerebral Palsy
- Neoplasms of CNS
- Dyslexia
- Meningitis
- Poliomeylitis
- Syphilis
- Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
- Stroke
- Cerebral Thrombosis
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Syringomyelia
- Tay-Sachs Disease
- Parkinson's Disease/Paralysis Agitans
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Transverse Myelitis
Links:
